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| (इसी सदस्य द्वारा किया गया बीच का एक अवतरण नहीं दर्शाया गया) |
| पंक्ति १: |
पंक्ति १: |
| {{documentation subpage}}
| | <div class="reflist <!-- |
| <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> | | -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} |
| This template encapsulates the {{tag|references |single}} tag to show the list of references defined by {{tag|ref}} tags, with some formatting. It reduces the font size and has options for columns and groups. References can be defined within the body of the article or within the reference list.
| | | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} |
| | | | references-column-width |
| The {{tag|ref}} and {{tag|references |single}} tags are part of the [[mw:Extension:Cite/Cite.php|Cite.php]] MediaWiki extension.
| | | references-column-count references-column-count-{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}} }} |
| | | | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} |
| {{tl|Reflist}} may be used with {{tl|Refbegin}} and {{tl|Refend}} to format different styles of references. | | | references-column-width }} }}" style="<!-- |
| | | -->{{#if: {{{1|}}} |
| == Usage ==
| | | {{#iferror: {{#ifexpr: {{{1|1}}} > 1 }} |
| | | | {{column-width|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}} |
| ;Using only footnote-style references
| | | {{column-count|{{#if:1|{{{1}}}}}}} }} |
| <pre>
| | | {{#if: {{{colwidth|}}} |
| == Content ==
| | | {{column-width|{{{colwidth}}}}} }} }} list-style-type: <!-- |
| Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
| | -->{{{liststyle|{{#switch: {{{group|}}} |
| | | | upper-alpha |
| Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
| | | upper-roman |
| | | | lower-alpha |
| == References ==
| | | lower-greek |
| {{Reflist}}
| | | lower-roman = {{{group}}} |
| </pre>
| | | #default = decimal}}}}};"> |
| | | {{#tag:references|{{{refs|}}}|group={{{group|}}}}}</div><noinclude> |
| ;Using only bibliographical style references
| | {{Documentation}} |
| <pre>
| | </noinclude> |
| == Content ==
| |
| Lorem ipsum.
| |
| | |
| Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| {{refbegin}}
| |
| * reference 1
| |
| * reference 2
| |
| {{refend}}
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ;Using both footnote-style and bibliography-style references
| |
| <pre>
| |
| == Content ==
| |
| Lorem ipsum.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
| |
| | |
| Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.<ref>Source name, access date, etc.</ref>
| |
| | |
| Lorem ipsum.
| |
| | |
| Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| {{Reflist}} | |
| | |
| {{Refbegin}} | |
| * reference 1
| |
| * reference 2
| |
| {{Refend}}
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Font size ==
| |
| The font size should reduce to 90% for most browsers, but may appear to show at 100% for Internet Explorer and possibly other browsers.<ref name=fontsize/> Note that there is no consensus that a small font size should always be used for references; when normal-sized font is more appropriate on an article, use {{tag|references |single}} instead.
| |
| | |
| == Columns ==
| |
| Columns are currently supported only by [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko]]-based browsers (such as [[Mozilla Firefox]]). See [[#Browser support for columns|below]] for more information.
| |
| | |
| Using {{tlx|Reflist|2}} will create a two-column reference list, and {{tlx|Reflist|3}} will create a three-column list. Three-column lists are inaccessible to users with smaller/laptop monitors and should be avoided.
| |
| | |
| Using {{tlx|Reflist|colwidth{{=}}30em}} will allow the browser to automatically choose the number of columns based on the width of the web browser. Choose a column width that is appropriate for the average width of the references on the page.
| |
| | |
| == Multiple uses ==
| |
| | |
| If {{tl|Reflist}} is used multiple times without a parameter, each instance will include all of the previously defined references. To force the parser to close previous references, each use of {{tl|Reflist}} must be forced as a new instance by the use of any parameter. Even a undefined parameter such as {{tlx|Reflist|close=1}} will force the references to close.
| |
| | |
| == Grouped references ==
| |
| As of June 2008, the footnotes system supports the separation of references into groups. This allows groups for explanatory notes, table references and the like. See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes#Separating reference lists and explanatory notes]].
| |
| | |
| The general format for the reference tag would be:
| |
| | |
| :{{tag|ref group=''"groupname"''|open}} | |
| | |
| And for the reflist:
| |
| :{{tlx|Reflist|group=''"groupname"''}} | |
| | |
| :Where ''groupname'' would be a group identifier such as "note", "nb" or "label".
| |
| | |
| == List-defined references ==
| |
| {{see|WP:LDR}}
| |
| As of September 2009, references may be defined within {{tl|Reflist}} using {{para|refs}} and invoked within the content. There are new error messages associated with this update, documented at [[Help:Cite errors]]. As usual, groups can be used. Defined references must be used within the body; unused references will show an error message.
| |
| | |
| === Example ===
| |
| | |
| <pre>
| |
| This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" group="groupname"/>
| |
| This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" group="groupname"/>
| |
| This is reference 3.<ref name="refname3" group="groupname"/>
| |
| | |
| {{Reflist|group="groupname"|refs= | |
| <ref name="refname1" group="groupname">content1</ref>
| |
| <ref name="refname2" group="groupname">content2</ref>
| |
| <ref name="refname3" group="groupname">content3</ref>
| |
| }} | |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| === Result ===
| |
| | |
| This is reference 1.<ref name="refname1" group="groupname"/>
| |
| This is reference 2.<ref name="refname2" group="groupname"/>
| |
| This is reference 3.<ref name="refname3" group="groupname"/>
| |
| | |
| {{Reflist|group="groupname"|refs=
| |
| <ref name="refname1">content1</ref>
| |
| <ref name="refname2">content2</ref>
| |
| <ref name="refname3">content3</ref>
| |
| }} | |
| | |
| == Technical details ==
| |
| | |
| ==== Browser support for columns ====
| |
| Multiple columns are generated by using [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS3]], which is still in development; thus only browsers that properly support the multi-column property will show multiple columns.<ref name=stuffandnonsense /><ref name=w3org1/>
| |
| | |
| * [[Mozilla Firefox]] and other [[Gecko (layout engine)|Gecko]]-based browsers support multiple columns with two caveats:
| |
| **may create [[Widows and orphans|widows]]
| |
| **may mangle long URLs in the printable version; see [[:Image:Wikipediareflistoverlap.gif]] for an example
| |
| * [[Internet Explorer]] through version 8 does not support the column property<ref name=msdn />
| |
| * [[Safari (web browser)|Safari]] through 4.03, [[Google Chrome]] and probably other [[WebKit]] based browsers have a bug that breaks links in multiple columns; the column feature has been removed for these browsers until the bug is resolved; see [[Template:Reflist/Safari testcase]] for details and information on enabling WebKit columns per editor.
| |
| ::This issue has been resolved in Safari 5 and Chrome 5. WebKit support will be returned once the usage reports indication a preponderance of adoption.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wikimedia Visitor Log Analysis Report - Browsers e.a |url=http://stats.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/squids/SquidReportClients.htm |date=June 1, 2010}}</ref>
| |
| * [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] does not support multiple columns.
| |
| | |
| === Supporting CSS ===
| |
| {{tl|Reflist}} uses a CSS rule in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] to set the font size: | |
| | |
| * <code>.references-small { font-size: 90%;}</code>
| |
| | |
| These classes are used directly in the template for the columns:
| |
| | |
| * <code>.references-column-count</code>
| |
| * <code>.references-column-width</code>
| |
| | |
| These properties are used in the template:
| |
| | |
| * <code>column-count</code> CSS3 standard
| |
| * <code>column-width:auto</code> CSS3 standard
| |
| * <code>-moz-column-count</code> Mozilla CSS extension
| |
| * <code>-moz-column-width</code> Mozilla CSS extension
| |
| * <code>-webkit-column-count</code> Webkit CSS extension (disabled)
| |
| * <code>-webkit-column-width</code> Webkit CSS extension (disabled)
| |
| | |
| === Customizing the view ===
| |
| By editing your CSS, the personal appearance of the reference list can be customized. From [[Special:Preferences|Preferences]], select the Appearance tab, then on the selected skin select Custom CSS. After editing and saving, follow the instructions at the top of the page to purge. See [[Wikipedia:Skin#Customisation (advanced users)]] for more help.
| |
| | |
| ;Font size
| |
| The font size defaults to 90% of the standard size. To change it, add:
| |
| | |
| <syntaxhighlight lang="css">.references-small { font-size: 90%;}</syntaxhighlight>
| |
| | |
| Change 90% to the desired size.
| |
| | |
| ;Columns
| |
| To disable columns, add:
| |
| | |
| <syntaxhighlight lang="css">
| |
| .references-column-count, .references-column-width {
| |
| column-count:1 !important; | |
| column-width:auto !important;
| |
| -moz-column-count:1 !important; | |
| -moz-column-width:auto !important; | |
| -webkit-column-count:1 !important; | |
| -webkit-column-width:auto !important; | |
| }
| |
| </syntaxhighlight>
| |
| | |
| Similarly, to force all reference lists to a number of columns, change the number.
| |
| | |
| === Collapsing and scrolling === | |
| There have been a number of requests to add functionality for a collapsible or scrolling reference list. These requests have not been fulfilled to due to issues with readability, accessibility, and printing. The applicable guidelines are at [[MOS:SCROLL]].
| |
| | |
| The links between the inline cite and the reference list do not work when the reference list is enclosed in a collapsed box.
| |
| | |
| == See also ==
| |
| * [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]]—style guide for the citation of sources
| |
| * [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]]—style guide for footnotes and inline citations
| |
| * [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]]—templates for use with references
| |
| * {{tl|Template reference list}}—version of reflist for use in templates
| |
| * {{tl|Refbegin}} and {{tl|refend}}—format reference lists
| |
| * {{tl|Reflist-talk}}—for use on talk pages
| |
| | |
| == References ==
| |
| {{Reflist|refs=
| |
| | |
| <ref name=fontsize>See [[User:Edokter/fonttest]] for a comparison of font sizes for various browsers; see [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search=fonttest+prefix%3AMediaWiki+talk%3ACommon.css%2F&fulltext=Search&ns0=1 previous discussions] on changing the font size to resolve the IE issue.</ref>
| |
| | |
| <ref name=stuffandnonsense>{{cite web |accessdate=November 24, 2006 |date=December 30, 2005 |title=CSS3 Multi-Column Thriller |url=http://www.stuffandnonsense.co.uk/archives/css3_multi-column_thriller.html}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| <ref name=w3org1>{{cite web |url=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/ |title=CSS3 module: Multi-column layout |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium|W3C]] |date=December 15, 2005 |accessdate=November 24, 2006}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| <ref name=msdn>{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc351024(VS.85).aspx#multicolumn |title=CSS Compatibility and Internet Explorer: Multi-column Layout |work=Microsoft Developer Network |publisher=Microsoft |accessdate=September 15, 2008}}</ref>
| |
| | |
| }} | |
| | |
| <includeonly> | |
| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> | |
| [[श्रेणी:सन्दर्भ साँचे|{{PAGENAME}}]]
| |
| | |
| <!-- ADD INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE -->
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| [[ar:قالب:ثبت المراجع]]
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| [[be-x-old:Шаблён:Зноскі]]
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| [[br:Patrom:Daveoù]]
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| [[ca:Plantilla:Referències]]
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| [[cy:Nodyn:Cyfeiriadau]]
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| [[eo:Ŝablono:Referencoj]]
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| [[es:Plantilla:Listaref]]
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| [[eu:Txantiloi:Erreferentzia zerrenda]]
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| [[fa:الگو:پانویس]]
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| [[fr:Modèle:Références]]
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| [[hr:Predložak:Izvori]]
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| [[hsb:Předłoha:Referency]]
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| [[ia:Patrono:Reflist]]
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| [[it:Template:References]]
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| [[ja:Template:Reflist]]
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| [[ka:თარგი:სქოლიოს სია]]
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| [[ko:틀:주석]]
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| [[lv:Veidne:Reflist]]
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| [[ml:ഫലകം:Reflist]]
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| [[ms:Templat:Reflist]]
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| [[no:Mal:Reflist]]
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| [[pl:Szablon:Przypisy]]
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| [[pt:Predefinição:Referências]]
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| [[ro:Format:Listănote]]
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| [[ru:Шаблон:Примечания]]
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| [[sr:Шаблон:Напомене]]
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| [[fi:Malline:Viitteet]]
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| [[th:แม่แบบ:รายการอ้างอิง]]
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| [[uk:Шаблон:Reflist]]
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| [[vi:Bản mẫu:Tham khảo]]
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| [[zh:Template:Reflist]]
| |
| </includeonly> | |
