"भौतिकी के सूत्र" सम्पादित करें

== एसआई उपसर्ग (प्रीफिक्स)==
{{SI prefixes}}

== आधारभूत यांत्रिकी (Fundamentals of Mechanics) ==
Foundational equations in translation and rotation.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Quantity
! Translation
! Rotation
|-                                
|समय
|<math>t</math>
|<math>t</math>
|-                                
|स्थिति
|<math>x   </math>
|<math>\theta </math> in [[radians]]
|-                                
|द्रव्यमान
|<math>m</math>
|<math>m</math>
|-                                
|समयान्तर
|<math>\Delta t</math>
|<math>\Delta t</math>
|-                                
|विस्थापन
|<math>\Delta x</math>
|<math>\Delta \theta</math>
|-                                
|द्रव्यमान संरक्षण
|<math>\Delta m = 0 </math>
|<math>\Delta m = 0 </math>
|-                                
|ऊर्जा संरक्षण
|<math>\Delta E = 0 </math>
|<math>\Delta E = 0 </math>
|-                                
|संवेग संरक्षण
|<math>\Delta P = 0 </math>
|<math>\Delta L = 0 </math>
|-                                
|वेग
|<math>   v =   dx/dt </math>
|<math>\omega = d\theta/dt </math>
|-                                
|त्वरण
|<math>   a =   dv/dt </math>
|<math>\alpha = d\omega/dt </math>
|-                                
|झटका
|<math>j =   da/dt </math>
|<math>j = d\alpha/dt </math>
|-                                
|स्थितिज ऊर्जा परिवर्तन
|<math>\Delta U = -W</math>
|<math>\Delta U = -W</math>
|-                                
|संवेग
|<math>P = mv   </math>
|<math>L = I\omega </math> <math> =|| \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{P}|| = m|| \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{v}||</math>
|-                                
|बल
|<math>f  = dP/dt = ma = -dU/dx  </math>
|<math>\tau = dL/dt = I\alpha    </math> <math> =|| \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{f}||=m|| \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{a}||</math>
|-
|जड़त्व आघूर्ण
|<math>m = \int   dm = \Sigma  m_i</math>
|<math>I = \int r^2 dm = \Sigma r^2m_i</math>
|-                                style="color:black"
|आवेग
|<math>J=\int f  dt</math>
|<math>J=\int \tau dt</math>
|-                                style="color:red"
|कार्य
|<math>W = \int f  dx    = \mathbf{d} \cdot \mathbf{f}</math>
|<math>W = \int \tau d\theta               </math>
|-                                
|शक्ति
|<math> P = dW/dt = fv    </math>
|<math> P = dW/dt = \tau\omega</math>
|-
|गतिज ऊर्जा
|<math>K =   mv^2/2 = P^2/2m </math>
|<math>K = I \ w^2 / 2 = \Sigma  R^2m</math>
|-
|न्यूटन का तीसरा नियम
|<math>  f_{ab} = -  f_{ba} </math>
|<math>\tau_{ab} = -\tau_{ba} </math>
|-
|}

Every [[conservative force]] has a [[potential energy]]. By following two principles one can consistently assign a non-relative value to U:
* Wherever the force is zero, its potential energy is defined to be zero as well.
* Whenever the force does work, potential energy is lost.

== [[स्थिर त्वरण]] (Constant acceleration) ==
Equations in translation and rotation, assuming constant acceleration.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! भौतिक राशि
! रेखीय गति
! घुर्णन गति
|-
|विस्थापन
|<math>\Delta v = at</math>
|<math>\Delta \omega = \alpha t</math>
|-
|समय
|<math>\Delta(v^2) = 2a\Delta x</math>
|<math>\Delta(\omega^2) = 2\alpha\Delta \theta</math>
|-
|त्वरण
|<math>\Delta x = t\Delta v/2</math>
|<math>\Delta \theta = t\Delta \omega/2</math>
|-
|प्रा०वेग
|<math>\Delta x = -at^2/2 + v_2t</math>
|<math>\Delta \theta = -\alpha t^2/2 + \omega_2t</math>
|-
|अंतिमवेग
|<math>\Delta x = +at^2/2 + v_1t</math>
|<math>\Delta \theta = +\alpha t^2/2 + \omega_1t</math>
|}

== एकसमान वृत्तीय गति (Uniform circular motion) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|[[uniform circular motion]] angular to linear displacement
|<math>x = \theta r</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] angular to linear speed
|<math>v = \theta \omega</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] angular to linear acceleration [[normal component]]
|<math>a_r = \omega^2r</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]]
|<math>\mathbf{d} = \mathbf{i}cos\omega t + \mathbf{j}sin\omega t</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] tangential speed
|<math>\mathbf{v} = \mathbf{d}' = -\omega r (\mathbf{i}\sin\omega t - \mathbf{j}\cos\omega t)</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] [[tangential component]], scalar
|<math>a_t = \alpha r</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] [[centripetal acceleration]]
|<math>\mathbf{a} = \mathbf{d}'' = -\omega^2\mathbf{d} = -v^2\mathbf{n}/r</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] [[centripetal acceleration]] scalar
|<math>\alpha=v^2/r</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] [[centripetal force]]
|<math>f = -mv^2/r</math>
|-
|[[uniform circular motion]] revolution time
|<math>T=2\pi r/v</math>
|-
|}

== Elasticity ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Hooke's law|elastic force]], lies parallel to spring
|<math>f = -kd</math>
|-
|[[elastic potential energy]]
|<math>U=kx^2/2</math>
|-
|[[Elasticity (physics)|elastic]] work, positive when relaxes
|<math>W = -k\Delta(x^2)/2</math>
|-
|}

== घर्षण (Friction) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[normal force]]
|<math>f_n = \mathbf{f}\cdot\mathbf{n}</math>
|-
|[[static friction]] maximum, lies tangent to the surface
|<math>f=\mu_sf_n</math>
|-
|[[kinetic friction]], lies tangent to the surface
|<math>f=\mu_kf_n</math>
|-
|[[drag force]], tangent to the path
|<math>f =\mu_d\rho a v^2/2</math>
|-
|[[terminal velocity]]
|<math>v_t=\sqrt{2fg/(\mu_d\rho A)}</math>
|-
|friction creates heat and sound
|<math>\Delta E = f_kd</math>
|-
|}

== प्रतिबाधा एवं विकृत्ति (Stress and strain) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[stress (mechanics)|stress]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[strain (mechanics)|strain]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[modulus of elasticity]]
|<math>\lambda = {stress}/{strain}</math>
|-
|[[yield strength]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[ultimate strength]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[Young's modulus]]
|<math>F/A = E\Delta L/L</math>
|-
|[[shear modulus]]
|<math>F/A = G\Delta x/L</math>
|-
|[[bulk modulus]]
|<math>F/A = B\Delta V/V</math>
|-
|}

== अन्य ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[inertial frame]]s
|<math>x_{PA} = x_{PB} + x_{AB}</math>
|-
| . . .
|<math>v_{PA} = v_{PB} + v_{AB}</math>
|-
| . . .
|<math>a_{PA} = a_{PB} + 0</math>
|-
|[[trajectory]]
|<math>y=x\tan\theta-gx^2/2(V_0\cos\theta)^2</math>
|-
|flight distance
|<math>v_0^2\sin{2\theta}/g</math>
|-
|[[tension (physics)|tension]], lies within the cord
|<math>f_t = f</math>
|-
|[[mechanical energy]]
|<math> E_{mec}=K + U</math>
|-
|[[mechanical energy]] is conserved
|<math> \Delta E_{mec} = 0</math> when all forces are conservative
|-
|[[thrust]]
|<math>t = Rv_{rel}=ma</math>
|-
|[[ideal rocket equation]]
|<math>\Delta v = ln(m_i/m_f)v_{rel}</math>
|-
|[[parallel axis theorem]]
|<math>I = I_{com} + mr^2</math>
|-
|[[list of moments of inertia]]
|
|-
|[[indeterminate system]]s
|
|}

== द्रब्यमान केन्द्र एवं संघट्ट (Center of mass and collisions) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[center of mass]] COM
|<math>\mathbf{r}_{com}=M^{-1}\Sigma m_i \mathbf{r}_i</math>
|-
| . . .
|<math>x_{com}=M^{-1}\int x dm, \cdots</math>
|-
|for constant density:
|<math>x_{com}=V^{-1}\int x dV, \cdots</math>
|-
|COM is in all planes of symmetry
|<math></math>
|-                                
|[[elastic collision]]
|<math>\Delta E_k = 0</math>
|-                                
|[[inelastic collision]]
|<math>\Delta E_k = </math>maximum
|-
|conservation of momentum in a two body collision
|<math>\mathbf{P}_{1i}+\mathbf{P}_{2i}=\mathbf{P}_{1f}+\mathbf{P}_{2f} </math>
|-
|system COM remains inert
|<math>\mathbf{v}_{com}={(\mathbf{P}_{1i}+\mathbf{P}_{2i})\over(M_1+M_2)} = const</math>
|-
|elastic collision, 1D, M2 stationary
|<math>v_{1f}={(m_1 - m_2)\over(m_1 + m_2)}v_{1i}</math>
|-
| . . .
|<math>v_{2f}={(2m_1)\over(m_1 + m_2)}v_{1i}</math>
|-
|}

== चिकने तल पर लुढ़कना (Smooth rolling) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[rolling]] distance
|<math>x_{arc}=R\theta</math>
|-
|[[rolling]] distance ?
|<math>x_{com}=R\alpha</math>
|-
|[[rolling]] velocity
|<math>v_{com}=R\omega</math>
|-
|[[rolling]] ?
|<math>K = I_{com}\omega^2/2 + Mv^2_{com}/2</math>
|-
|[[rolling]] down a ramp along axis x
|<math>a_{com,x}=-\frac{g\sin\theta}{1+I_{com}/MR^2}</math>
|}

== उष्मागतिकी (Thermodynamics) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics]]
|<math>(A = B) \land (B=C) \Rightarrow A=C</math><br /><small>(where "=" denotes systems in thermal equilibrium</small>
|-
|[[First Law of Thermodynamics]]
|<math>\Delta E_{int} = Q + W</math>
|-
|[[Second Law of Thermodynamics]]
|<math>\Delta S \ge 0</math>
|-
|[[Third Law of Thermodynamics]]
|<math>S = S_{structural} + CT</math>
|-
|[[temperature]]
|<math>T</math>
|-
|[[molecules]]
|<math>N</math>
|-
|[[degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)|degrees of freedom]]
|<math>f</math>
|-
|[[heat]]
|<math>Q</math>, <math>\Delta E</math> due to <math>\Delta T</math> <small>(energy)</small>
|-
|[[thermal mass]] ([[extensive property]])
|<math>C_{th} = Q/\Delta T</math>
|-
|[[specific heat capacity]] ([[bulk property]])
|<math>c_{th} = Q/\Delta Tm</math>
|-
|[[enthalpy of vaporization]]
|<math>L_v = Q/m</math>
|-
|[[enthalpy of fusion]]
|<math>L_f = Q/m</math>
|-
|[[thermal conductivity]]
|<math>\kappa</math>
|-
|[[thermal resistance]]
|<math>R=L/ \kappa</math>
|-
|[[thermal conduction]] rate
|<math>P = Q/t = A(T_H - T_C)/R</math>
|-
|[[thermal conduction]] rate through a composite slab
|<math>P = Q/t = A(T_H - T_C)/\Sigma(R_i)</math>
|-
|linear [[coefficient of thermal expansion]]
|<math> dL/dt = \alpha L</math>
|-
|volume [[coefficient of thermal expansion]]
|<math>dV/dt = 3 \alpha V </math>
|-
|[[Boltzmann constant]]
|<math>k</math> <small>(energy)/(temperature)</small>
|-
|[[Stefan-Boltzmann constant]]
|<math>\sigma</math> <small>(power)/(area)(temp)^4</small>
|-
|[[thermal radiation]]
|<math>P = \sigma \epsilon A T ^4_{sys}</math>
|-
|[[thermal absorption]]
|<math>P = \sigma \epsilon A T ^4_{env}</math>
|-
|[[adiabatic]]
|<math>\Delta Q = 0 </math>
|-
|[[ideal gas law]]
|<math>PV = kTN</math>
|-
|work, constant temperature
|<math>W=kTNln(V_f/V_i)</math>
|-
|work due to gas expansion
|<math>W = \int_{i}^{f}pdV</math>
|-
|. . . [[adiabatic]]
|<math>\Delta E_{int} = W</math>
|-
|. . . [[constant volume]]
|<math>\Delta E_{int} = Q</math>
|-
|. . . [[free expansion]]
|<math>\Delta E_{int} = 0</math>
|-
|. . . [[closed cycle]]
|<math>Q + W = 0</math>
|-
|work, constant volume
|<math>W=0</math>
|-
|work, constant pressure
|<math>W=p\Delta V</math>
|-
|[[translational energy]]
|<math>E_{k,avg} = kTf/2</math>
|-
|[[internal energy]]
|<math>E_{int} = NkTf/2</math>
|-
|[[Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution#Typical speeds|mean speed]]
|<math>v_{avg}= \sqrt{(kT/m)(8/\pi)}</math>
|-
|[[Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution#Typical speeds|mode speed]]
|<math>v_{prb} = \sqrt{(kT/m)2}</math>
|-
|[[root mean square speed]]
|<math>v_{rms} = \sqrt{(kT/m)3}</math>
|-
|[[mean free path]]
|<math>\lambda = 1/(\sqrt{2} \pi d^2 N / V)</math>?
|-
|[[Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution]]
|<math>P(v)=4\pi(m/(2\pi kT))^{3/2}V^2e^{-(mv^2/(2kT))}</math>
|-
|molecular [[specific heat]] at a constant volume
|<math>C_V = Q/(N\Delta T)</math>
|-
|?
|<math>\Delta E_{int} = NC_V \Delta T</math>
|-
|molecular [[specific heat]] at a constant pressure
|<math>C_p = Q/(N\Delta T)</math>
|-
|?
|<math>W = p \Delta V = Nk \Delta T</math>
|-
|?
|<math>k = C_p - C_V</math>
|-
|[[adiabatic expansion]]
|<math>pV^{\gamma} = constant</math>
|-
|[[adiabatic expansion]]
|<math>TV^{\gamma - 1} = constant</math>
|-
|[[multiplicity of configurations]]
|<math>W = N!/n_1!n_2!</math>
|-
|[[microstate]] in one half of the box
|<math>n_1, n_2</math>
|-
|[[Boltzmann#Physics|Boltzmann's entropy equation]]
|<math>S = klnW</math>
|-
|[[irreversibility]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[entropy]]
|<math>S = - k\sum_i P_i \ln P_i \!</math>
|-
|[[entropy]] change
|<math>\Delta S = \int_i^f(1/T)dQ \approx Q/T_{avg}</math>
|-
|[[entropy]] change
|<math>\Delta S = kNln(V_f/V_i) + NC_Vln(T_f/T_i)</math>
|-
|[[entropic force]]
|<math>f = -TdS/dx</math>
|-
|[[engine]] efficiency
|<math>\epsilon = |W|/|Q_H|</math>
|-
|[[Carnot engine]] efficiency
|<math>\epsilon_c = (|Q_H|-|Q_L|)/|Q_H| = (T_H-T_L)/T_H</math>
|-
|[[refrigeration]] performance
|<math>K = |Q_L|/|W|</math>
|-
|[[Carnot refrigeration]] performance
|<math>K_C = |Q_L|/(|Q_H|-|Q_L|) = T_L/(T_H-T_L)</math>
|-
|}

== तरंग ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[torsion constant]]
|<math>\kappa = -\tau / \theta</math>
|-
|[[phasor]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[node]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[antinode]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[Frequency|period]]
|<math>T</math>
|-
|[[amplitude]]
|<math>x_m</math>
|-
|[[decibel]]
|<math>dB</math>
|-
|[[frequency]]
|<math>f = 1/T = \omega /(2\pi)</math>
|-
|[[angular frequency]]
|<math>\omega = 2\pi f = 2\pi / T</math>
|-
|[[phase angle]]
|<math>\phi</math>
|-
|[[phase (waves)|phase]]
|<math>(\omega t + \phi)</math>
|-
|[[damping]] force
|<math>f_d = -bv</math>
|-
|[[phase (waves)|phase]]
|<math>ky -\omega t</math>
|-
|[[wavenumber]]
|<math>k</math>
|-
|[[phase constant]]
|<math>\phi</math>
|-
|[[linear density]]
|<math>\mu</math>
|-
|[[harmonic number]]
|<math>n</math>
|-
|[[harmonic series (mathematics)|harmonic series]]
|<math>f = v/\lambda = nv/(2L) </math>
|-
|[[wavelength]]
|<math>\lambda = k/(2\pi)</math>
|-
|[[bulk modulus]]
|<math>B = \Delta p /(\Delta V / V)</math>
|-
|[[path length difference]]
|<math>\Delta L</math>
|-
|[[resonance]]
|<math>\omega_d = \omega</math>
|-
|[[phase difference]]
|<math>\phi = 2 \pi \Delta L / \lambda </math>
|-
|fully [[constructive interference]]
|<math>\Delta L/\lambda = n</math>
|-
|fully [[destructive interference]]
|<math>\Delta L/\lambda = n+0.5</math>
|-
|[[sound intensity]]
|<math>I = P/A = \rho v \omega^2 s^2_m/2</math>
|-
|[[sound power]] source
|<math>P_s</math>
|-
|[[sound intensity]] over distance
|<math>I = P_s/(4\pi r^2)</math>
|-
|[[sound intensity]] standard reference
|<math>I_0</math>
|-
|[[sound level]]
|<math>\Beta = (10 dB)log(I/I_0)</math>
|-
|pipe, two open ends
|<math>f=v/\lambda = nv/(2L)</math>
|-
|pipe, one open end
|<math>f = v/\lambda = nv/(4L)</math> for n odd
|-
|[[beat (acoustics)|beats]]
|<math>s(t) = [2s_m\cos\omega ' t ] \cos \omega t</math>
|-
|[[beat (acoustics)|beat frequency]]
|<math>f_{beat} = f_1 - f_2</math>
|-
|[[Doppler effect]]
|<math>f' = f(v+-v_D)/(v+-v_S)</math>
|-
|[[sonic boom]] angle
|<math>\sin \theta = v/v_s</math>
|-
|average [[wave power]]
|<math>P_{avg}=\mu v \omega^2 x_m^2/2</math>
|-
|[[pressure amplitude]]
|<math>\Delta p_m = (v\rho \omega)x_m</math>
|-
|[[wave equation]]
|<math>\frac{\partial y}{\partial x^2} = \frac{1}{v^2} \frac{\partial ^2 y}{\partial t^2}</math>
|-
|[[wave superposition]]
|<math>x'(y,t) = x_1(y,t) + x_2(y,t)</math>
|-
|[[wave speed]]
|<math>v = \omega/k = \lambda/T = \lambda f</math>
|-
|[[speed of sound]]
|<math>v = \sqrt{B/ \rho }</math>
|-
|[[wave speed]] on a [[stretched string]]
|<math>v=\sqrt{f_t/\mu}</math>
|-
|[[angular frequency]] of an angular simple [[harmonic oscillator]]
|<math>\omega = \sqrt{I/\kappa}</math>
|-
|[[angular frequency]] of a low amplitude [[simple pendulum]]
|<math>\omega = \sqrt{L/g}</math>
|-
|[[angular frequency]] of a low amplitude [[physical pendulum]]
|<math>\omega = \sqrt{I/mgh}</math>
|-
|[[angular frequency]] of a linear simple [[harmonic oscillator]]
|<math>\omega = \sqrt{k/m} </math>
|-
|[[angular frequency]] of a linear [[damped]] [[harmonic oscillator]]
|<math>\omega ' = \sqrt{(k/m)-(b^2/4m^2)}</math>
|-
|wave displacement
|<math>x(t)=x_m\cos(\omega t + \phi)</math>
|-
|wave displacement when [[damped]]
|<math>x(t)=x_m\cos(\omega 't+\phi)(e^{-bt/2m})</math>
|-
|wave velocity
|<math>v(t)=x_m\sin(\omega t + \phi)(- \omega)</math>
|-
|wave acceleration
|<math>a(t)=x_m\cos(\omega t + \phi)(- \omega^2 )</math>
|-
|[[transverse wave]]
|<math>x(y,t) = x_m\sin(ky-\omega t)</math>
|-
|wave traveling backwards
|<math>x(y,t) = x_m\sin(ky+\omega t)</math>
|-
|[[resultant wave]]
|<math>x'(y,t) = x_m\sin(ky-\omega t + \phi/2)(2\cos\phi/2)</math>
|-
|[[standing wave]]
|<math>x'(y,t) = \cos(\omega t)(2y\sin ky)</math>
|-
|[[sound displacement function]]
|<math>x(y,t) = x_m\cos(ky-\omega t)</math>
|-
|[[sound pressure-variation function]]
|<math>\Delta p(y,t) = \sin(ky-\omega t)\Delta p_m</math>
|-
|potential [[harmonic energy]]
|<math>E_U(t) = kx^2/2 = kx_m^2\cos^2(\omega t + \phi)/2</math>
|-
|kinetic [[harmonic energy]]
|<math>E_K(t) = kx^2/2 = kx_m^2\sin^2(\omega t + \phi)/2</math>
|-
|total [[harmonic energy]]
|<math>E(t) = kx_m^2/2 = E_U + E_K</math>
|-
|damped [[mechanical energy]]
|<math>E_{mec}(t) = ke^{-bt/m}x^2_m/2</math>
|-
|}

== गुरुत्वाकर्षण (Gravitation) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-                                       
|[[gravitational constant]]
|<math>G</math> <small>(force)(distance/mass)^2</small>
|-                                       
|[[gravitational force]]
|<math>f_G = Gm_1m_2/r^2</math>
|-
|[[Superposition principle|superposition]] applies
|<math>\mathbf{F} = \Sigma \mathbf{F}_i = \int d\mathbf{F}</math>
|-
|[[gravitational acceleration]]
|<math>a_g = Gm/r^2</math>
|-
|[[free fall]] acceleration
|<math>a_f = a_g - \omega^2R</math>
|-
|[[shell theorem]] for gravitation
|
|-
|[[potential energy]] from gravity
|<math>U = -Gm_1m_2/r \approx ma_gy</math>
|-
|[[escape speed]]
|<math>v = \sqrt{2Gm/r}</math>
|-
|[[Kepler's law]] 1
|planets move in an ellipse, with the star at a focus
|-
|[[Kepler's law]] 2
|<math>A'' = 0</math>
|-
|[[Kepler's law]] 3
|<math>T^2 = (4\pi^2/Gm)r^3</math>
|-
|[[orbital energy]]
|<math>E = - Gm_1m_2/a2</math>
|-                                       
|[[standard gravity]]
|<math> a_g = Gm_{Earth}/r_{Earth}^2 \approx 9.81m/s^2</math>
|-
|[[weight]], points toward the center of gravity
|<math>f_g = -f_n = mg </math>
|-
|[[path independence]]
|<math>W_{ab,1}=W_{ab,2}=\cdots</math>
|-
|[[Einstein field equations]]
|<math>R_{\mu \nu} - {1 \over 2}g_{\mu \nu}\,R + g_{\mu \nu} \Lambda = {8 \pi G \over c^4} T_{\mu \nu}</math>
|}

== तरलगतिकी (Fluid dynamics) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[density]]
|<math>\rho = \Delta m / \Delta V</math>
|-
|[[pressure]]
|<math>p = \Delta F / \Delta A</math>
|-
|[[pressure]] difference
|<math>\Delta p = \rho g\Delta y</math>
|-
|[[pressure]] at depth
|<math>p = p_0 + \rho gh</math>
|-
|[[barometer]] versus [[manometer]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[Pascal's principle]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[Archimedes' Principle]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[buoyant force]]
|<math>F_b = m_fg</math>
|-
|[[gravitational force]] when [[floating]]
|<math>F_g = F_b</math>
|-
|[[apparent weight]]
|<math>weight_{app} = weight - F_b</math>
|-
|[[ideal fluid]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[equation of continuity]]
|<math>R_V = Av =</math> constant
|-
|[[Bernoulli's equation]]
|<math>p + \rho v^2/2 + \rho gy =</math> constant
|-
|}

== विद्युतचुम्बकत्व (Electromagnetism) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-                                       
|[[Lorentz force]]
|<math>\mathbf{F} = q (\mathbf{E} + \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B})</math>
|-                                       
|[[Gauss' law]]
|<math>\oint\mathbf{E}\cdot d \mathbf{A} = \Phi_E = q_{enc}/\epsilon_0</math>
|-                                       
|[[Gauss' law for magnetic fields]]
|<math>\oint \mathbf{B} \cdot d \mathbf{A} = \Phi_B = 0</math>
|-                                       
|[[Faraday's law of induction]]
|<math>\oint\mathbf{E}\cdot d\mathbf{s} = -d\Phi_B/dt = -\mathcal{E}</math>
|-                                       
|[[Ampere-maxwell law]]
|<math>\oint \mathbf{B} \cdot d\mathbf{s} = \mu_0(i_{enc} + i_{d,enc})</math>
|-                                       
|[[elementary charge]]
|<math>e</math>
|-                                       
|[[electric charge]]
|<math>q = ne</math>
|-                                       
|[[conservation of charge]]
|<math>\Delta q = 0</math>
|-                                       
|linear [[charge density]]
|<math>\lambda = q/l^1</math>
|-                                       
|surface [[charge density]]
|<math>\sigma = q/l^2</math>
|-                                       
|volume [[charge density]]
|<math>\rho = q/l^3</math>
|-                                       
|[[electric constant]]
|<math>\epsilon_0</math> <small>(time)^2(charge)^2/(mass)(volume)</small>
|-                                       
|[[magnetic constant]]
|<math>\mu_0</math> <small>(force)(time)^2/(charge)^2</small>
|-
|[[Coulomb's law]]
|<math>F = q_1q_2/(4\pi\epsilon_0)r^2</math>
|-                                       
|[[electric field]]
|<math>\mathbf{E} =\mathbf{F}/q</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] lines
|end at a negative charge
|-                                       
|[[Gaussian surface]]
|<math>\mathbf{A}</math>
|-                                       
|[[flux]] notation implies a normal unit vector
|<math>\cdot d \mathbf{A} \to \cdot \mathbf{n} d \mathbf{A}</math>
|-                                       
|[[electric flux]]
|<math>\Phi_E = \oint\mathbf{E}\cdot d \mathbf{A}</math>
|-                                       
|[[magnetic flux]]
|<math>\Phi_B = \int \mathbf{B}\cdot d\mathbf{A}</math>
|-
|[[magnetic flux]] given assumptions
|<math>\Phi_B = BA</math>
|-
|[[dielectric constant]]
|<math>\kappa \ge 1</math>
|-
|[[dielectric]]
|<math>\epsilon_0 \to \epsilon_0\kappa</math>
|-
|[[Gauss' law]] with [[dialectric]]
|<math>q_{enc} = \epsilon_0 \oint \kappa\mathbf{E}\cdot d \mathbf{A}</math>
|-
|[[Biot-Savart law]]
|<math> \mathbf{B} = \int\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\ \frac{(id\mathbf{s}) \times \mathbf{r}}{r^3},</math>
|-
|[[Lenz's law]]
|induced current always opposes its cause
|-
|[[inductance]] (with respect to time)
|<math>L=-\mathcal{E}/q''</math>
|-
|[[inductance]] from coils
|<math>L=N\Phi_B/i</math>
|-
|[[inductance]] of a [[solenoid]]
|<math>L/l=\mu_0n^2A</math>
|-
|[[displacement current]]
|<math>i_d = \epsilon_0 d\Phi_E/dt</math>
|-
|[[displacement vector]]
|<math>\mathbf{d}</math>
|-
|[[electric dipole moment]]
|<math>\mathbf{p} = q\mathbf{d}</math>
|-
|[[electric dipole]] [[torque]]
|<math>\mathbf{\tau}=\mathbf{p}\times\mathbf{E}</math>
|-
|[[electric dipole]] [[potential energy]]
|<math>U = -\mathbf{p}\cdot\mathbf{E}</math>
|-
|[[magnetic dipole moment]] of a coil, magnitude only
|<math>\mu=iNA</math>
|-
|[[magnetic dipole moment]] [[torque]]
|<math>\mathbf{\tau}=\mathbf{\mu}\times\mathbf{B}</math>
|-
|[[magnetic dipole moment]] [[potential energy]]
|<math>U=-\mathbf{\mu}\cdot\mathbf{B}</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] accelerating a charged mass
|<math>a = qE/m</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of a charged point
|<math>E = q / \epsilon_0 4 \pi r^2 \hat{r} </math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of a [[Electric dipole moment|dipole moment]]
|<math>E = p / \epsilon_0 2 \pi z^3 </math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of a charged line
|<math>E = \lambda / \epsilon_0 2\pi r</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of a charged ring
|<math>E = qz/\epsilon_04\pi(z^2 + R^2)^{3/2}</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of a charged conducting surface
|<math>E = \sigma / \epsilon_0</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of a charged non-conducting surface
|<math>E = \sigma /\epsilon_0 2</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of a charged disk
|<math>E = \sigma (1 - z)/ \epsilon_0 2 \sqrt{z^2 + R^2}</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] outside spherical shell r>=R
|<math>E = q/\epsilon_0 4 \pi r^2</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] inside spherical shell r<R
|<math>E = 0</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] of uniform charge r<=R
|<math>E = qr/\epsilon_0 4 \pi R^3</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] [[energy density]]
|<math>u = \epsilon_0 E^2/2</math>
|-
|[[electric potential]] versus [[electric potential energy]]
|<small>(energy)/(charge) versus (energy)</small>
|-
|[[electric potential energy]]
|<math>U = - W_{\infty}</math>
|-
|[[electric potential]]
|<math>V = -W_{\infty}/q = U/q</math>
|-
|[[electric potential difference]]
|<math>\Delta V = -W/q = \Delta U/q</math>
|-
|[[electric potential]] from [[electric field]]
|<math>\Delta V = -\int_i^f \mathbf{E}\cdot d\mathbf{s}</math>
|-
|[[electric field]] from [[electric potential]]
|<math>\nabla V = -\mathbf{E}</math>
|-
|[[electric potential]] of a charged point
|<math>V = q/\epsilon_0 4 \pi r</math>
|-
|[[electric potential]] of a set of charged points
|<math>V = \Sigma V_i = (1/\epsilon_0 4 \pi) \Sigma q_i/r_i</math>
|-
|[[electric potential]] of a [[dipole]]
|<math>V = p\cos\theta/\epsilon_0 4 \pi r^2</math>
|-
|[[electric potential]] of continuous charge
|<math>V = \int dV = (1/\epsilon_0 4 \pi)\int dq/r</math>
|-
|[[electric potential energy]] of a pair of charged points
|<math>Vq_2 = U = W = q_1q_2/\epsilon_04\pi r</math>
|-
|[[capacitance]]
|<math>C = q/V</math> <small>(charge)^2/(energy)</small>
|-
|[[capacitance]] of parallel plates
|<math>C = \epsilon_0A/d</math>
|-
|[[capacitance]] of a cylinder
|<math>C = \epsilon_0 2 \pi L/\ln(b/a)</math>
|-
|[[capacitance]] of a sphere
|<math>C = \epsilon_0 4 \pi ba/(b-a)</math>
|-
|[[capacitance]] of an isolated sphere
|<math>C = \epsilon_0 4 \pi R</math>
|-
|[[capacitor]]s [[in parallel]]
|<math>C_{eq}^{+1} = \Sigma C_i^{+1}</math>
|-
|[[capacitor]]s [[in series]]
|<math>C_{eq}^{-1} = \Sigma C_i^{-1}</math>
|-
|[[capacitor]] [[potential energy]]
|<math>U=q^2/C2 = CV^2/2</math>
|-
|[[Electric current|current]]
|<math>i = dq/dt</math>
|-
|[[drift speed]]
|<math>\mathbf{v}_d</math>
|-
|[[current density]]
|<math>\mathbf{J} = ne\mathbf{v}_d/m^3</math>
|-
|[[current density]] magnitude
|<math>J = i/A</math>
|-
|[[current density]] to get current
|<math>i = \int JdA</math>
|-
|[[Electrical resistance|resistance]]
|<math>R = V/i</math>
|-
|[[resistivity]]
|<math>\rho = \mathbf{E}/\mathbf{J}</math>
|-
|[[resistivity]] temperature coefficient
|<math>\alpha</math>
|-
|[[resistivity]] across [[temperature]]
|<math>\rho - \rho_0 = \rho_0\alpha(T-T_0)</math>
|-
|[[resistivity]] and [[Electrical resistance|resistance]]
|<math>R A = \rho L</math>
|-
|[[electrical conductivity]]
|<math>\sigma = 1/\rho = \mathbf{J}/\mathbf{E}</math>
|-
|[[Resistor#Power dissipation|resistor power dissipation]]
|<math>P = i^2R = V^2/R</math>
|-
|[[internal resistance]]
|<math>i = \mathcal{E}/(R+r)</math>
|-
|[[resistors in series]]
|<math>R_{eq}^{+1}=\Sigma R_i^{+1}</math>
|-
|[[resistors in parallel]]
|<math>R_{eq}^{-1} =\Sigma R_i^{-1}</math>
|-
|[[Kirchoff's current law]]
|<math>i_{in} = i_{out}</math>
|-
|[[Ohm's law]]
|<math>V=iR</math>
|-
|[[electromotive force|emf]]
|<math>\mathcal{E} = dW/dq = iR</math>
|-
|[[electromotive force|emf]] rules
|loop, resistance, emf
|-
|[[electrical power]]
|<math>P=iV</math>
|-
|[[emf power]]
|<math>P_{emf} = i\mathcal{E}</math>
|-
|[[electric potential difference]] across a [[real battery]]
|<math>p = \mathcal{E} - iR</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] force on a moving charge
|<math>\mathbf{F}_B = q\mathbf{v}\times\mathbf{B}</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] force on a current
|<math>\mathbf{F}_B=i\mathbf{L}\times\mathbf{B}</math>
|-
|[[Hall effect]]
|<math>n = Bi/Vle</math>
|-
|[[circulating charged particle]]
|<math>|q|vB=mv^2/r</math>
|-
|[[cyclotron resonance]] condition
|<math>f = f_{osc}</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] of a line
|<math>B = \mu_0i/2\pi R</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] of a ray
|<math>B=\mu_0i/4\pi R</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] at the center of a circular arc
|<math>B=\mu_0i\phi/4\pi R</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] of a [[solenoid]]
|<math>B=\mu_0in</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] of a [[toroidal inductors and transformers|toroid]]
|<math>B=\mu_0iN/2\pi r</math>
|-
|[[magnetic field]] of a current carrying coil
|<math>\mathbf{B}=\mu_0\mathbf{\mu}/2\pi z^3</math>
|-
|[[self induction]] of [[electromotive force|emf]]
|<math>\mathcal{E}_L = -Ldi/dt</math>
|-
|[[magnetic energy]]
|<math>U_B=Li^2/2</math>
|-
|[[magnetic energy]] density
|<math>u_B=B^2/2\mu_0</math>
|-
|[[mutual induction]]
|<math>\mathcal{E}_1=-Mdi_2/dt,\mathcal{E}_2=-Mdi_1/dt</math>
|-
|[[Transformer#Ideal power equation|transformation of voltage]]
|<math>V_s N_p = V_p N_s</math>
|-
|[[Transformer#Ideal power equation|transformation of current]]
|<math>I_s N_s = I_p N_p</math>
|-
|[[Transformer#Ideal power equation|transformation of reistance]]
|<math>R_{eq} = (Np/Ns)^2R</math>
|-
|[[induced magnetic field]] inside a circular capacitor
|<math>B = (\mu_0i_d/2\pi R^2)r</math>
|-
|[[induced magnetic field]] outside a circular capacitor
|<math>B = \mu_0i_d/2\pi rr</math>
|-
|[[RC circuit]] [[ODE]] with respect to time
|<math>Rq' + C^{-1}q=\mathcal{E}</math>
|-
|[[RC circuit]] capacitive [[time constant]]
|<math>\tau = RC</math>
|-
|[[RC circuit]] charging a capacitor
|<math>q = C\mathcal{E}(1-e^{-t/RC})</math>
|-
|[[RL circuit]] [[ODE]] with respect to time
|<math>Li''+Ri'=\mathcal{E}</math>
|-
|[[RL circuit]] time constant
|<math>\tau_L=L/R</math>
|-
|[[RL circuit]] rise of current
|<math>i = \mathcal{E}/R(1-e^{-t/\tau_L})</math>
|-
|[[RL circuit]] decay of current
|<math>i=\mathcal{E}e^{-t/\tau_L}/R=i_0e^{-t/\tau_L}</math>
|-
|[[LC circuit]] [[ODE]] with respect to time
|<math>Lq''+C^{-1}q = \mathcal{E}</math>
|-
|[[LC circuit]]
|<math>\omega = 1/\sqrt{LC}</math>
|-
|[[LC circuit]] charge
|<math>q = Qcos(\omega t + \phi)</math>
|-
|[[LC circuit]] current
|<math>i=-\omega Q sin(\omega t + \phi)</math>
|-
|[[LC circuit]] electrical potential energy
|<math>U_E=q^2/2C=Q^2cos^2(\omega t + \phi)/2C</math>
|-
|[[LC circuit]] magnetic potential energy
|<math>U_B=Q^2sin^2(\omega t + \phi)/2C</math>
|-
|[[RLC circuit]] [[ODE]] with respect to time
|<math>Lq'' + Rq' +C^{-1}q = \mathcal{E} </math>
|-
|[[RLC circuit]] charge
|<math>q = QeT^{-Rt/2L}cos(\omega't+\phi)</math>
|-
|[[resistive load]]
|<math>V_R=I_RR</math>
|-
|[[capacitive load]]
|<math>V_C = I_C X_C</math>
|-
|[[inductive load]]
|<math>V_L = I_L X_L</math>
|-
|[[resistive reactance]]
|<math>X_R = ?</math>
|-
|[[capacitive reactance]]
|<math>X_C = 1/\omega_d C</math>
|-
|[[inductive reactance]]
|<math>X_L = \omega_d L</math>
|-
|[[phase constant]]
|<math>tan\phi=X_L - X_C /R</math>
|-
|[[electromagnetic resonance]]
|<math>\omega_d = \omega = 1/\sqrt{LC}</math>
|-
|[[AC current]]
|<math>I_{rms}=I/\sqrt{2}</math>
|-
|[[AC voltage]]
|<math>V_{rms}=V/\sqrt{2}</math>
|-
|[[AC emf]]
|<math>\mathcal{E}_{rms}=\mathcal{E}_m/\sqrt{2}</math>
|-
|[[AC power]]
|<math>P_{avg}=\mathcal{E}I_{rms}cos\phi</math>
|-
|}

== प्रकाश (Light) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|electric light component
|<math>E = E_m sin(kx-\omega t)</math>
|-
|magnetic light component
|<math>B = B_m sin(kx-\omega t)</math>
|-
|[[speed of light]]
|<math>c = 1/\sqrt{\mu_0\epsilon_0} = E/B</math>
|-
|[[Poynting vector]]
|<math>\mathbf{S} = \mu_0^{-1}\mathbf{E}\times\mathbf{B}</math>
|-
|[[Poynting vector]] magnitude
|<math>S = EB/\mu_0 = E^2/c\mu_0</math>
|-
|[[root mean square|rms]] [[electric field]] of light
|<math>E_{rms} = E/\sqrt{2}</math>
|-
|[[irradiance|light intensity]]
|<math>I = E^2_{rms}/c\mu_0</math>
|-
|[[irradiance|light intensity]] at the sphere
|<math>I = P_s/4\pi r^2</math>
|-
|[[radiation momentum]] with total absorption (inelastic)
|<math>\Delta p = \Delta U/c</math>
|-
|[[radiation momentum]] with total reflection (elastic)
|<math>\Delta p = 2 \Delta U/c</math>
|-
|[[radiation pressure]] with total absorption (inelastic)
|<math>p_r = I/c</math>
|-
|[[radiation pressure]] with total reflection (elastic)
|<math>p_r = 2I/c</math>
|-
|[[intensity (physics)|intensity]] from [[polarizing]] unpolarized light
|<math>I = I_0/2</math>
|-
|[[intensity (physics)|intensity]] from [[polarizing]] polarized light
|<math>I = I_0cos^2\theta</math>
|-
|[[index of refraction]] of substance f
|<math>n_f = c/v_f</math>
|-
|[[law of reflection|angle of reflection]]
|<math>\theta_1=\theta_2</math>
|-
|[[law of refraction|angle of refraction]]
|<math>n_1sin\theta_1 = n_2sin\theta_2</math>
|-
|[[critical angle|angle of total reflection]]
|<math>\theta_c = sin^{-1}n_2/n_1</math>
|-
|[[Brewster angle|angle of total polarisation]]
|<math>\theta_B = tan^{-1}n_2/n_1</math>
|-
|[[image]] distance in a [[plane mirror]]
|<math>d_i = -d_o</math>
|-
|[[image]] distance in a [[spherical mirror]]
|<math>n_1/d_o + n_2/d_i = (n_2 - n_1)/r</math>
|-
|[[spherical mirror]] [[focal length]]
|<math>f =r/2</math>
|-
|[[spherical mirror]]
|<math>1/d_o + 1/d_i = 1/f</math>
|-
|[[lateral magnification]] m and h negative when upside down
|<math>m=h_i/h_o = -d_i/d_o</math>
|-
|[[thin lens|lens]] [[focal length]]
|<math>1/f = 1/d_o +1/d_i</math>
|-
|[[lens (optics)|lens]] [[focal length]] from [[refraction]] indexes
|<math>1/f = (n_{lens}/n_{med}-1)(1/r_1 - 1/r_2)</math>
|-
|[[path length difference]]
|<math>\Delta L = d sin\theta</math>
|-
|[[double slit]] minima
|<math>d sin\theta = (N + 1/2)\lambda</math>
|-
|[[double slit]] maxima
|<math>d sin\theta = N\lambda</math>
|-
|[[double-slit]] interference intensity
|<math>I = 4I_0cos^2(\pi d sin\theta / \lambda)</math>
|-
|[[thin-film optics|thin film]] in air minima
|<math>(N + 0/2)\lambda/n_2</math>
|-
|[[thin-film optics|thin film]] in air maxima
|<math>2L = (N + 1/2)\lambda/n_2</math>
|-
|[[single-slit]] minima
|<math>a sin \theta = N\lambda</math>
|-
|[[single-slit]] intensity
|<math>I(\theta)=I_0(sin\alpha/\alpha)^2</math>
|-
|[[double slit]] intensity
|<math>I(\theta) = I_0(cos^2\Beta)(sin\alpha/\alpha)^2</math>
|-
|. . .
|<math>\alpha = \pi a sin\theta/\lambda</math>
|-
|[[circular aperture first minimum]]
|<math>sin\theta = 1.22\lambda/d</math>
|-
|[[Rayleigh's criterion]]
|<math>\theta_R = 1.22\lambda/d</math>
|-
|[[diffraction grating]] maxima lines
|<math>dsin\theta = N\lambda</math>
|-
|[[diffraction grating]] half-width
|<math>\Delta\theta_{hw} = \lambda/Ndcos\theta</math>
|-
|[[diffraction grating]] dispersion
|<math>D=N/d cos\theta</math>
|-
|[[diffraction grating]] resolving power
|<math>R=Nn</math>
|-
|[[diffraction grating]] [[Bragg's law|lattice distance]]
|<math>d = N\lambda/2sin\theta</math>
|-
|}

== [[विशिष्ट आपेक्षिकता]] (Special Relativity) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[Lorentz factor]]
|<math>\gamma = 1/\sqrt{1-(v/c)^2}</math>
|-
|[[Lorentz transformation]]
|<math>t' = \gamma(t-xv/c^2)</math>
|-
|. . .
|<math>x'=\gamma(x-vt)</math>
|-
|. . .
|<math>y' = y</math>
|-
|. . .
|<math>z' = z</math>
|-
|[[time dilation]]
|<math>\Delta t = \gamma \Delta t_0</math>
|-
|[[length contraction]]
|<math>L = L_0/\gamma</math>
|-
|[[relativistic Doppler effect]]
|<math>f=f_0\sqrt{1-(v/c)/1+(v/c)}</math>
|-
|[[Doppler shift]]
|<math>v=|\Delta\lambda|c/\lambda_0</math>
|-
|[[momentum]]
|<math>\mathbf{p}=\gamma m\mathbf{v}</math>
|-
|[[rest energy]]
|<math>E_0 = mc^2</math>
|-
|[[total energy]]
|<math>E = E_0 + K = mc^2 + K = \gamma mc^2 = \sqrt{(pc)^2 + (mc^2)^2}</math>
|-
|[[Energy Removed]]
|<math>Q = -\Delta mc^2</math>
|-
|[[kinetic energy]]
|<math>K = E - mc^2 = \gamma mc^2 - mc^2 = mc^2(\gamma -1)</math>
|-
|}

== कण भौतिकी (Particle Physics) ==
{| class= 9

|-
|[[standard model]]
|see 4x4 chart of particles
|-
|[[Planck's constant]]
|<math>h</math>, in energy/frequency
|-
|[[Reduced Planck's constant]]
|<math>\hbar = h/2\pi</math>, in energy/frequency
|-
|[[Planck–Einstein equation]]
|<math>E = hf</math>
|-
|[[threshold frequency]]
|<math>f_0</math>
|-
|[[work function]]
|<math>\Phi = hf_0</math>
|-
|[[photoelectric]] kinetic energy
|<math>K_{max} = hf - \Phi</math>
|-
|[[photon]] momentum
|<math>p = hf/c = h/\lambda</math>
|-
|[[de Broglie wavelength]]
|<math>\lambda = h/p</math>
|-
|[[Schrodinger's equation]]
|<math>i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Psi(\mathbf{r},\,t) = \hat H \Psi(\mathbf{r},t)</math>
|-
|[[Schrodinger's equation]] one dimensional motion
|<math>d^2\psi/dx^2 + 8\pi^2m[E-U(x)]\psi/h^2 = 0</math>
|-
|[[Schrodinger's equation]] free particle
|<math>d^2\psi/dx^2 + k^2\psi = 0</math>
|-
|[[Heisenberg's uncertainty principle]]
|<math>\Delta x \cdot \Delta p_x \ge \hbar </math>
|-
|[[infinite potential well]]
|<math>E_n = (hn/2L)^2/2m</math>
|-
|[[wavefunction]] of a [[electromagnetic cavity|trapped electron]]
|<math>\psi_n(x) = A sin(n\pi x/L)</math>, for positive int n
|-
|[[wavefunction]] [[probability density function|probability density]]
|<math>p(x) = \psi^2_n(x)dx</math>
|-
|[[Normalisable wave function|normalization]]
|<math>\int \psi^2_n(x)dx = 1</math>
|-
|[[hydrogen atom]] orbital energy
|<math>E_n = -me^4/8\epsilon_0^2h^2n^2 = 13.61eV/n^2</math>, for positive int n
|-
|[[hydrogen atom]] spectrum
|<math>1/\lambda = R(1/n^2_{low} - 1/n^2_{high})</math>
|-
|[[hydrogen atom]] radial probability density
|<math>P(r) = 4r^2/a^3e^{2r/a}</math>
|-
|spin projection [[quantum number]]
|<math>m_s \in \{-1/2,+1/2\}</math>
|-
|[[Electron magnetic dipole moment#Orbital magnetic dipole moment|orbital magnetic dipole moment]]
|<math>\mathbf{\mu}_{orb} = -e\mathbf{L}/2m</math>
|-
|[[Electron magnetic dipole moment#Orbital magnetic dipole moment|orbital magnetic dipole moment]] components
|<math>\mathbf{\mu}_{orb,z} = -m_\mathcal{L}\mu_B</math>
|-
|[[Electron magnetic dipole moment#Orbital magnetic dipole moment|spin magnetic dipole moment]]
|<math>\mathbf{\mu_s} = -e\mathbf{S}/m = gq\mathbf{S}/2m</math>
|-
|[[Electron magnetic dipole moment#Orbital magnetic dipole moment|orbital magnetic dipole moment]]
|<math>\mathbf{\mu}_{orb}=-e\mathbf{L}_{orb}/2m</math>
|-
|[[Electron magnetic dipole moment#Orbital magnetic dipole moment|spin magnetic dipole moment]] potential
|<math>U = -\mathbf{\mu}_s\cdot\mathbf{B}_{ext} = -\mu_{s,z}B_{ext}</math>
|-
|[[Electron magnetic dipole moment#Orbital magnetic dipole moment|orbital magnetic dipole moment]] potential
|<math>U = -\mathbf{\mu}_{orb}\cdot\mathbf{B}_{ext} = -\mu_{orb,z}B_{ext}</math>
|-
|[[Bohr magneton]]
|<math>\mu_B = e\hbar/2m</math>
|-
|[[angular momentum]] components
|<math>L_z = m\mathcal{L}\hbar</math>
|-
|[[spin angular momentum]] magnitude
|<math>S = \hbar\sqrt{s(s+1)}</math>
|-
|[[cutoff wavelength]]
|<math>\lambda_{min} = hc/K_0</math>
|-
|[[density of states]]
|<math>N(E) = 8\sqrt{2}\pi m^{3/2}E^{1/2}/h^3</math>
|-
|[[occupancy probability]]
|<math>P(E) = 1/(e^{(E-E_F)/kT}+1)</math>
|-
|[[Fermi energy]]
|<math>E_F = (3/16\sqrt{2}\pi)^{2/3}h^2n^{2/3}m</math>
|-
|[[mass number]]
|<math>A = Z+N</math>
|-
|[[nuclear radius]]
|<math>r=r_0A^{1/3}, r_0 \approx 1.2fm</math>
|-
|[[mass excess]]
|<math>\Delta = M - A</math>
|-
|[[radioactive decay]]
|<math>N = N_0e^{-\lambda t}</math>
|-
|[[Hubble constant]]
|<math>H = 71.0km/s</math>
|-
|[[Hubble's law]]
|<math>v=Hr</math>
|-
|[[conservation of lepton number]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[conservation of baryon number]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[conservation of strangeness]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[eightfold way (physics)|eightfold way]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[weak force]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[strong force]]
|<math>
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}_\mathrm{QCD} 
& = \bar{\psi}_i\left(i \gamma^\mu (D_\mu)_{ij} - m\, \delta_{ij}\right) \psi_j - \frac{1}{4}G^a_{\mu \nu} G^{\mu \nu}_a \\
& = \bar{\psi}_i (i \gamma^\mu \partial_\mu - m)\psi_i - g G^a_\mu \bar{\psi}_i \gamma^\mu T^a_{ij} \psi_j - \frac{1}{4}G^a_{\mu \nu} G^{\mu \nu}_a \, \\
\end{align}
</math>
|-
|[[Noether's theorem]]
|<math></math>
|-
|[[Electroweak interaction]]
|:<math>\mathcal{L}_{EW} = \mathcal{L}_g + \mathcal{L}_f + \mathcal{L}_h + \mathcal{L}_y.</math>
:<math>\mathcal{L}_g = -\frac{1}{4}W_a^{\mu\nu}W_{\mu\nu}^a - \frac{1}{4}B^{\mu\nu}B_{\mu\nu}</math>
:<math>\mathcal{L}_f =  \overline{Q}_i iD\!\!\!\!/\; Q_i+ \overline{u}_i^c iD\!\!\!\!/\; u^c_i+ \overline{d}_i^c iD\!\!\!\!/\; d^c_i+ \overline{L}_i iD\!\!\!\!/\; L_i+ \overline{e}^c_i iD\!\!\!\!/\; e^c_i </math>
:<math>\mathcal{L}_h = |D_\mu h|^2 - \lambda \left(|h|^2 - \frac{v^2}{2}\right)^2</math>
:<math>\mathcal{L}_y = - y_{u\, ij} \epsilon^{ab} \,h_b^\dagger\, \overline{Q}_{ia} u_j^c - y_{d\, ij}\, h\, \overline{Q}_i d^c_j - y_{e\,ij} \,h\, \overline{L}_i e^c_j + h.c.</math>
|-
|[[Quantum electrodynamics]]
|:<math>\mathcal{L}=\bar\psi(i\gamma^\mu D_\mu-m)\psi -\frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu}\;,</math>
|}

== क्वांटम यांत्रिकी (Quantum Mechanics) ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Postulate 1: State of a system
|A [[quantum state|system]] is completely specified at any one time by a [[Hilbert space]] vector.
|-
|Postulate 2: Observables of a system
|A [[observable|measurable]] quantity corresponds to an [[operational definition|operator]] with [[eigenvector]]s [[linear span|spanning]] the [[vector space|space]].
|-
|Postulate 3: Observation of a system
|Measuring a system applies the observable's operator to the system and the system [[Wave function collapse|collapses]] into the observed eigenvector.
|-
|Postulate 4: Probabilistic result of measurement
|The [[probability]] of observing an eigenvector is derived from the square of its [[wavefunction]].
|-
|Postulate 5: Time evolution of a system
|The way the wavefunction evolves over time is determined by [[Shrodinger's equation]].
|-
|}

== इन्हें भी देखें ==
[[भौतिकी में प्रायः प्रयुक्त चर]]

== सन्दर्भ ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{Cite book| last = Halliday | first = David | title = Fundamentals of Physics, | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | location = Chichester | year = 2007 | isbn = 9780470044742 }}
* {{Cite book| last = Zettili | first = Nouredine | title = Quantum Mechanics | publisher = Wiley | location = New York | year = 2009 | isbn = 0470026782 }}

== बाहरी कड़ियाँ ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080102060130/http://www.xs4all.nl/~johanw/contents.html Physics formulae] at xs4all.nl

[[श्रेणी:भौतिकी]]
[[श्रेणी:विज्ञान-सम्बन्धी सूचियाँ]]