"हेनरी कैवेंडिश" (अनुभाग) सम्पादित करें

=== विद्युत अनुसंधान ===
Cavendish's electrical and chemical experiments, like those on heat, had begun while he lived with his father in a laboratory in their London house. Lord Charles Cavendish died in 1783, leaving almost all of his very substantial estate to Henry. Like his theory of heat, Cavendish's comprehensive theory of electricity was mathematical in form and was based on precise quantitative experiments. In 1771 he published an early version of his theory, based on an expansive electrical fluid that exerted pressure. He demonstrated that if the intensity of electric force was inversely proportional to distance, then the electric fluid in excess of that needed for electrical neutrality would lie on the outer surface of an electrified sphere; then he confirmed this experimentally. Cavendish continued to work on electricity after this initial paper, but he published no more on the subject.

Cavendish wrote papers on electrical topics for the Royal Society<ref><cite class="citation journal" contenteditable="false">Cavendish, Henry (1771). </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation journal" contenteditable="false">Cavendish, Henry (1776). </cite></ref> but the bulk of his electrical experiments did not become known until they were collected and published by [[जेम्स क्लर्क माक्सवेल|James Clerk Maxwell]] a century later, in 1879, long after other scientists had been credited with the same results. Cavendish’s electrical papers from the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London have been reprinted, together with most of his electrical manuscripts, in ''The Scientific Papers of the Honourable Henry Cavendish, F.R.S.'' (1921). According to the 1911 edition of [[ब्रिटैनिका विश्वकोष|Encyclopædia Britannica]], among Cavendish's discoveries were the concept of [[विद्युत विभव|electric potential]] (which he called the "degree of electrification"), an early unit of [[धारिता|capacitance]] (that of a sphere one inch in diameter), the formula for the capacitance of a plate [[संधारित्र|capacitor]],<ref name="eb"><cite class="citation web" contenteditable="false">[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Electricity#Cavendish.27s_Researches "Electricity"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915025114/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Electricity#Cavendish.27s_Researches |date=15 सितंबर 2008 }}. </cite></ref> the concept of the [[आपेक्षिक विद्युतशीलता|dielectric constant]] of a material, the relationship between electric potential and current (now called [[ओम का नियम|Ohm's Law]]) (1781), laws for the division of current in parallel circuits (now attributed to Charles Wheatstone), and the inverse square law of variation of electric force with distance, now called [[कूलॉम-नियम|Coulomb's Law]].<ref>James Clerk Maxwell, ed., ''The Electrical Researches of the Honourable Henry Cavendish''.</ref>