imported>InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 20 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.1

2020-06-15T11:59:56Z

Rescuing 20 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.1

नया पृष्ठ

[[चित्र:James Clerk Maxwell.png|thumb|right|जेम्स क्लार्क मैक्सवेल्ल्]]

[[विद्युत्चुम्बकत्व]] के क्षेत्र में '''मैक्सवेल के समीकरण''' चार समीकरणों का एक समूह है जो [[विद्युत्-क्षेत्र|वैद्युत क्षेत्र]], [[चुम्बकीय क्षेत्र]], वैद्युत आवेश, एवं विद्युत धारा के अन्तर्सम्बधों की गणितीय व्याख्या करते हैं। ये समीकरण सन १८६१ में [[जेम्स क्लर्क मैक्सवेल|जेम्स क्लार्क मैक्सवेल]] के शोधपत्र में छपे थे, जिसका शीर्षक था - '''ऑन फिजिकल लाइन्स ऑफ फोर्स'''।

मैक्सवेल के समीकरणों का आधुनिक स्वरूप निम्नवत है :
<center>
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! नियम
! डिफरेन्शियल रूप
! इन्टीग्रल रूप
|-----
|[[गाउस का नियम]]
| <math>\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{E} = \frac{\rho}{\varepsilon_0}</math>
| <math>\oint_{S} \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{s} = \frac {q}{\varepsilon_0}</math>
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
|[[चुम्बकत्व]] के लिये [[गाउस का नियम (चुंबकत्व)|गाउस का नियम]]
| <math>\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{B} = 0</math>
| <math>\oint_S \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{s} = 0</math>
|-----
|[[फैराडे का विद्युतचुम्बकीय प्रेरण का नियम|फैराडे का प्रेरण का नियम]]
| <math>\vec{\nabla} \times \vec{E} = - \frac{\partial \vec{B}}{\partial t}</math>
| <math>\oint_C \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{l} = - \ { d \over dt } \int_{S} \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{s}</math>
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
|[[एम्पीयर का नियम]] </br> मैक्सवेल द्वारा इसमें [[विस्थापन धारा]] (displacement current) के समावेश के साथ
| <math>\vec{\nabla} \times \vec{B} = \mu_0 \vec{J} + \mu_0 \varepsilon_0 \frac{\partial \vec{E}}{\partial t}</math>
| <math>\oint_C \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{l} = \mu_0 \int_S \vec{J} \cdot d\vec{s} + \mu_0 \varepsilon_0 \frac{d}{dt} \int_S \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{s}</math>
|}
</center>

उपरोक्त समीकरणों में [[लॉरेंज बल|लारेंज बल का नियम]] भी सम्मिलित कर लेने पर शास्त्रीय विद्युतचुम्बकत्व की सम्पूर्ण व्याख्या हो पाती है।
</br>

== इन्हें भी देखें ==
* [[अन्तरापृष्ठ पर विद्युतचुम्बकीय क्षेत्र का व्यवहार‎]]
* [[विद्युतचुम्बकीय तरंग का समीकरण]]
* [[लॉरेंज बल]]
* [[एम्पीयर का नियम]]
* [[विद्युत जनित्र|वैद्युत जनित्र]] (Electrical generator)
* [[ट्राँसफार्मर|ट्रान्सफार्मर]]

== बाहरी कड़ियाँ ==
=== आधुनिक ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100430152732/http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/0sn/ch11/ch11.html Electromagnetism], B. Crowell, Fullerton College
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030803151533/http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/~rfitzp/teaching/jk1/lectures/node6.html Lecture series: Relativity and electromagnetism], R. Fitzpatrick, University of Texas at Austin
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080528012938/http://www.physnet.org/modules/pdfmodules/m210.pdf ''Electromagnetic waves from Maxwell's equations''] on [https://web.archive.org/web/20170514213748/http://physnet.org/ Project PHYSNET].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080418024208/http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-02Electricity-and-MagnetismSpring2002/VideoLectures/index.htm MIT Video Lecture Series (30 x 50 minute lectures)- Electricity and Magnetism] Taught by Professor [[Walter Lewin]].

=== ऐतिहासिक ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070627013509/http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/books/book.cgi?call=537_M46T_1873_VOL._1 A Treatise on Electricity And Magnetism - Volume 1 - 1873] - Posner Memorial Collection - Carnegie Mellon University
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070627013446/http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/books/book.cgi?call=537_M46T_1873_VOL._2 A Treatise on Electricity And Magnetism - Volume 2 - 1873] - Posner Memorial Collection - Carnegie Mellon University
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305191407/http://zpenergy.com/modules.php?d_op=getit&lid=60&name=downloads Original Maxwell Equations] - Maxwell's 20 Equations in 20 Unknowns - PDF
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217035457/http://blazelabs.com/On%20Faraday's%20Lines%20of%20Force.pdf On Faraday's Lines of Force - 1855/56] Maxwell's first paper (Part 1 & 2) - Compiled by Blaze Labs Research (PDF)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080406182956/http://www.vacuum-physics.com/Maxwell/maxwell_oplf.pdf On Physical Lines of Force - 1861] Maxwell's 1861 paper describing magnetic lines of Force - Predecessor to 1873 Treatise
* [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0486495604&id=duyKrTNps_AC&pg=PA526&lpg=PA526&dq=%22A+Dynamical+Theory+of+the+Electromagnetic+Field%22&sig=twd-S431TklLmLLYbdZMKfl7H0g A Dynamical Theory Of The Electromagnetic Field - 1865] Maxwell's 1865 paper describing his 20 Equations in 20 Unknowns - Predecessor to the 1873 Treatise
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080406183036/http://www.zpenergy.com/downloads/Maxwell_1864_1.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080406183052/http://www.zpenergy.com/downloads/Maxwell_1864_2.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080406182956/http://www.zpenergy.com/downloads/Maxwell_1864_3.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080406183113/http://www.zpenergy.com/downloads/Maxwell_1864_4.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080406183018/http://www.zpenergy.com/downloads/Maxwell_1864_5.pdf
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080406183105/http://www.zpenergy.com/downloads/Maxwell_1864_6.pdf
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080506120012/http://www.electromagnetism.demon.co.uk/z014.htm Catt, Walton and Davidson. "The History of Displacement Current". ''Wireless World'', March 1979.]

=== फीनमान द्वारा मैक्सवेल समीकरणों की व्युत्पत्ति ===
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150420061500/http://uk.arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0106235 Feynman's derivation of Maxwell equations and extra dimensions]

=== अन्य ===
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080414123945/http://irregularwebcomic.net/1420.html Simple explanation of the equations and their physical implications] - David Morgan-Mar - [[Irregular Webcomic!]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070714042750/http://physicsweb.org/articles/world/17/10/2 According to an article in Physicsweb, the Maxwell equations rate as "The greatest equations ever".]

[[श्रेणी:भौतिकी]]
[[श्रेणी:भौतिकी के समीकरण]]
[[श्रेणी:वैज्ञानिक नियम]]

मैक्सवेल के समीकरण - अवतरण इतिहास

imported>InternetArchiveBot: Rescuing 20 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.1