imported>Ulubatli Hasan: Ulubatli Hasan के अवतरण 5275705पर वापस ले जाया गया : Vandalism (ट्विंकल)

2021-08-08T02:06:29Z

Ulubatli Hasan के अवतरण 5275705पर वापस ले जाया गया : Vandalism (ट्विंकल)

नया पृष्ठ

'''लव जिहाद''' (जिसे रोमियो जिहाद{{refn|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Khatun|first=Nadira|date=14 December 2018|title='Love-Jihad' and Bollywood: Constructing Muslims as 'Other'|url=https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol22/iss3/8|journal=Journal of Religion & Film|publisher=[[University of Nebraska Omaha]]|volume=22|issue=3|issn=1092-1311|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=20 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120204931/https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol22/iss3/8/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Charu|year=2009|title=Hindu Women, Muslim Men: Love Jihad and Conversions|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25663907|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=44|issue=51|pages=13–15|jstor=25663907|issn=0012-9976|via=[[JSTOR]]|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=22 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122000118/https://www.jstor.org/stable/25663907|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Rao|first=Mohan|date=1 October 2011|title=Love Jihad and Demographic Fears|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/097152151101800307|journal=[[Indian Journal of Gender Studies]]|language=en|volume=18|issue=3|pages=425–430|doi=10.1177/097152151101800307|s2cid=144012623|issn=0971-5215|via=[[SAGE Journals]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Khalid|first=Saif|date=24 August 2017|title=The Hadiya case and the myth of 'Love Jihad' in India|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/08/hadiya-case-myth-love-jihad-india-170823181612279.html|access-date=3 October 2017|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=3 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003175039/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/08/hadiya-case-myth-love-jihad-india-170823181612279.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}} के नाम से भी जाना जाता है) एक [[इस्लामोफ़ोबिया|इस्लामोफोबिक{{refn|<ref name=":22" />{{rp|226–227|q=The exponents of this conspiracy assert that innocent Hindu women are converted to Islam in order to increase the Muslim population, thereby waging jihad or holy war against Hindus (Gupta, 2009). By evoking demographic fears and anxiety, this campaign demonizes Muslims and works to advance the patriarchal idea of saving Hindu girls from an imagined Muslim menace (Das, 2010).}}<ref name="Jenkins 2019">{{cite book |last1=Jenkins |first1=Laura Dudley |chapter=Persecution: The Love Jihad Rumor |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.9783/9780812296006-007/html |chapter-url-access=subscription |title=Religious Freedom and Mass Conversion in India |date=11 April 2019 |doi=10.9783/9780812296006-007 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Religious_Freedom_and_Mass_Conversion_in/pOuRDwAAQBAJ |url-access=limited |access-date=30 March 2021 |publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]] |isbn=978-0-8122-9600-6 |language=en|via=[[Google Books]]|quote=The masterplot of love jihad is not just literary imaginings but also a potent brew of Islamophobia and patriarchy that harms Muslims and women. Akin to some of the post-9/11 rhetoric in the United States, contemporary Hindu nationalists propagate "a mythical history of medieval Muslim tyranny and present-day existential threat, demanding mobilization and revenge."}}</ref><ref name="Sharma 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Sharma |first1=Ajita |title=Afrazul's murder: Law and love jihad |journal=Jindal Global Law Review |date=1 April 2020 |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=77–95 |doi=10.1007/s41020-020-00114-5 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|s2cid=220512241 |quote=The fake claim by the Hindu right-wing that love jihad forces Hindu women to love and marry a Muslim man and convert to Islam is perpetuating an already existing anti-Muslim narrative in the country. The love jihad phenomenon has thus become a tool of hate and anger towards Muslims. Afrazul's killing by Raigher is an extreme demonstration of this form of hate and anger towards Muslims.}}</ref><ref name="Upadhyay 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Upadhyay |first1=Nishant |title=Hindu Nation and its Queers: Caste, Islamophobia, and De/coloniality in India |journal=Interventions |date=18 May 2020 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=464–480 |doi=10.1080/1369801X.2020.1749709 |url=https://www.academia.edu/43040799 |access-date=30 March 2021 |publisher=[[Routledge]]|s2cid=218822737 |via=[[Academia.edu]]|quote=Heterosexual couples who defy caste and religious structures often face violence, some of which results in death through honor killings and lynching targeting specifically Muslim and Dalit men. For instance, the Hindutva campaign against what it calls the "love jihad" is an attempt to protect Hindu women from Muslim men, as the latter are imagined/blamed to convert Hindu women to Islam through trickery and marriage (Gupta 2018b, 85). Needless to say, these claims are unfounded and Islamophobic imaginations of the Hindu Right.}}</ref><ref name="Frydenlund 2018">{{cite book|last1=Frydenlund|first1=Iselin|editor1-first=Asbjørn|editor1-last=Dyrendal|editor2-first=David G.|editor2-last=Robertson|editor3-first=Egil|editor3-last=Asprem|chapter=Buddhist Islamophobia: Actors, Tropes, Contexts|title=Handbook of Conspiracy Theory and Contemporary Religion|series=Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion|volume=17|date=24 September 2018|pages=279–302|doi=10.1163/9789004382022_014|accessdate=7 October 2020|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|isbn=9789004382022|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoN1DwAAQBAJ|via=[[Google Books]]|url-access=limited|archive-date=11 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611172907/https://books.google.com/books?id=yoN1DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|289|q=The third trope concerns capitalism and market competition, while the latter three consider another aspect of global Islamophobic discourses, namely that there is a plot to spread Islam around the world through population growth, or so-called Demographic Jihad. This in turn can be divided into three subfields according to the means by which Muslims are claimed to use in their Demographic Jihad to eradicate Buddhism: 'Birth Jihad', 'Rape Jihad', and 'Love Jihad'.}}|name=Islamophobia}}]] [[षड्यन्त्र का सिद्धान्त|षड्यन्त्र का सिद्धान्त{{refn|<ref name=":22">{{Cite book|last=Farokhi|first=Zeinab|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Affective_Politics_of_Digital_Media/_8T2DwAAQBAJ|title=Affective Politics of Digital Media: Propaganda by Other Means|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2020|isbn=978-1-00-016917-1|editor-last=Boler|editor-first=Megan|location=|pages=226–239|language=en|chapter=Hindu Nationalism, News Channels, and "Post-Truth" Twitter: A Case Study of "Love Jihad"|editor-last2=Davis|editor-first2=Elizabeth|via=[[Google Books]]|url-access=limited|access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>{{rp|226–227|q=This chapter examines the conspiracy theory of "Love Jihad" across traditional and social media discourse in India as a way to show how affective strategies promoting Islamophobia are employed through logics of "digital governmentality" (Badouard et al., 2016). "Love Jihad" is a campaign started by right-wing Hindu nationalists in 2009 (Gökarıksel et al., 2019) alleging that Muslim men feign love to lure non-Muslim women to marry them in order to convert them to Islam (Rao, 2011).}}<ref name="Strohl 2018">{{Cite journal|last=Strohl|first=David James|date=11 October 2018|title=Love jihad in India's moral imaginaries: religion, kinship, and citizenship in late liberalism|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09584935.2018.1528209|url-access=subscription|access-date=20 February 2021|journal=Contemporary South Asia|publisher=[[Routledge]]|volume=27|issue=1|pages=27–39|doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1528209|s2cid=149838857|issn=0958-4935|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128215102/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09584935.2018.1528209|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|1–2|q=Since at least 2009, a host of activists have used grassroots campaigns and mass-media to spread rumors throughout India of a vast conspiracy by the Muslim community to train young men to seduce, marry, and convert Hindu women. Some politicians and activists draw on these conspiracy theories to drum up support from Hindus in electoral campaigns and to fuel moralizing crusades throughout the country aimed at saving women from these imagined threats.}}<ref name=":32">{{cite journal|last1=Nair|first1=Rashmi|last2=Vollhardt|first2=Johanna Ray|date=6 May 2019|title=Intersectional Consciousness in Collective Victim Beliefs: Perceived Intragroup Differences Among Disadvantaged Groups|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332904170|journal=[[Political Psychology]]|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]|volume=40|issue=5|pages=2|doi=10.1111/pops.12593|via=[[ResearchGate]]|access-date=17 February 2021|quote=Muslims form about 15% of India's population and have suffered severe marginalization in education and employment, since the partition of Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan in 1947 (Alam, 2010). They have since faced recurrent riots (Varshney, 2003). Other hostilities include false accusations of love jihad (a conspiracy theory claiming Muslim men feign love with non-Muslim women to convert them to Islam) and attempts to convert Muslims to Hinduism by Hindu fundamentalist organizations (Gupta, 2009).}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=George|first=Cherian|title=Hate Spin: The Manufacture of Religious Offense and Its Threat to Democracy|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|year=2016|isbn=978-0-262-33607-9|pages=96–101|language=en|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hate_Spin/M4wnDQAAQBAJ|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref>{{rp|96–97|q=The "love jihad" is a bizarre myth about a Muslim campaign to conquer Hindus by stealing their girls, one heart at a time. [...] It is apparently easier to blame a mythical love jihad conspiracy than to confront uglier truths—that the obsession with social status sometimes turns young romance into needless tragedy; or that poverty and ignorance makes families easy prey for dowry-bearing human traffickers.}}<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|last1=Zimdars|first1=Melissa|title=Fake News: Understanding Media and Misinformation in the Digital Age|last2=McLeod|first2=Kembrew|author-link2=Kembrew McLeod|publisher=[[MIT Press]]|date=24 January 2020|isbn=978-0-262-53836-7|pages=147–148|language=en|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Fake_News/1WPMDwAAQBAJ|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|access-date=17 February 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624145109/https://www.ocregister.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cropped-ocr_icon11.jpg?w=192|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|147|q=Elaborate and influential conspiracy theories have been manufactured in the United States by the Islamophobia industry about the incursion of sharia law; in India, by the Hindu Right about Muslim men mounting "love jihad" on Hindu women and girls; in Indonesia, by Muslim hard-liners about a resurgent communist threat; and in Europe, by anti-immigrant groups against sexual predators or "rapefugees."}}<ref name=":52">{{Cite book|last=Anand|first=Dibyesh|chapter=Pornosexualizing "The Muslim"|title=Hindu Nationalism in India and the Politics of Fear|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-230-60385-1|pages=63–69|language=en|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hindu_Nationalism_in_India_and_the_Polit/BYbFAAAAQBAJ|url-access=limited|via=[[Google Books]]|access-date=17 February 2021|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624144955/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hindu_Nationalism_in_India_and_the_Polit/BYbFAAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|69|q=If they are not conjuring this story up, why not encourage the Hindutva youth to search for the Maulavi who they accuse of ordering Muslim men to seduce Hindu girls? They do no such thing because it is clear that they are indulging in scare mongering. In the blogosphere, the tales of a love jihad conspiracy circulate without any serious questioning of what the evidence is. One extremist Web site quotes another, and when you check the second one, they would cite the first one.}}<ref name="George 2017">{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=Cherian |title=Journalism's crisis of reason |journal=Media Asia |date=3 April 2017 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=71–78 |doi=10.1080/01296612.2017.1463620 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01296612.2017.1463620 |url-access=subscription |publisher=[[Routledge]] |s2cid=158269410 |issn=0129-6612 |access-date=19 February 2021 |archive-date=11 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611172909/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01296612.2017.1463620 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|74|q=One example of clever disinformation is the "love jihad" conspiracy theory. The story is that young Muslim men are seducing away innocent Hindu girls and then forcing them to convert to Islam. The grand plan is to turn India, which is now almost 80% Hindu, into a Muslim nation.}}<ref name="Television & New Media">{{cite journal |last1=Udupa |first1=Sahana |last2=Venkatraman |first2=Shriram |last3=Khan |first3=Aasim |title="Millennial India": Global Digital Politics in Context |journal=[[Television & New Media]] |publisher=[[SAGE Publications|SAGE]] |date=11 September 2019 |volume=21 |issue=4 |page=353 |doi=10.1177/1527476419870516 |doi-access=free |quote=Vigilante action is targeted against what right-wing attackers describe as "love jihad," finding cause in the conspiracy theory of conniving Muslim men seducing gullible Hindu women into marriage and submission. "Love jihad" is a violent expression of the broader politics of regulating female sexuality—a core element of online Hindu nationalism manifest variously as shaming and abuse (Udupa 2017). }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhat |first1=M. Mohsin Alam |title=The Case for Collecting Hate Crimes Data in India |journal=Law & Policy Brief |date=1 September 2018 |volume=4 |issue=9 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3367329 |access-date=21 February 2021 |publisher=[[O. P. Jindal Global University]] |ssrn=3367329 |language=en |via=[[Social Science Research Network]] |quote=A Muslim migrant worker was bludgeoned to death and his dead body set on fire, with all this being recorded on video, while his attacker blamed him for "love jihad" — a phrase used by the extremist members of Hindu right-wing organizations to refer to a conspiracy theory that Muslims are forcibly or fraudulently converting Hindu women on the pretext of marriage. |archive-date=1 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401185959/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3367329 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Purewal 2020">{{cite web|last1=Purewal|first1=Navtej K.|date=3 September 2020|title=Indian Matchmaking: a show about arranged marriages can't ignore the political reality in India|url=http://theconversation.com/indian-matchmaking-a-show-about-arranged-marriages-cant-ignore-the-political-reality-in-india-144441|access-date=19 September 2020|website=[[The Conversation UK]]|quote=One popular conspiracy theory shared by the Hindu right is "Love Jihad". This is the idea that Muslim men target women belonging to non-Muslim communities to convert them to Islam by feigning love. It is an invention to incite suspicion and hatred against Muslims in India.|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911172440/https://theconversation.com/indian-matchmaking-a-show-about-arranged-marriages-cant-ignore-the-political-reality-in-india-144441|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Byatnal|first1=Amruta|date=13 October 2013|title=Hindutva vigilantes target Hindu-Muslim couples|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hindutva-vigilantes-target-hindumuslim-couples/article5231849.ece|access-date=19 September 2020|issn=0971-751X|quote=They see themselves as warriors against what they call "Love Jihad," a conspiracy theory floated by Hindutva groups like the Hindu Janjagruti Samiti which claims that Muslim men lure Hindu women into marriage with the aim of increasing their own population.|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190514/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hindutva-vigilantes-target-hindumuslim-couples/article5231849.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>|name=conspiracy theory}}]] (कांस्पीरेसी थ्योरी) है जो [[हिन्दुत्व]] विचारधारा के समर्थकों द्वारा विकसित किया गया है।{{refn|<ref name=":22" /><ref name="Strohl 2018" />{{rp|4|q=As I explore below, a variety of moral entrepreneurs further the Hindutva cause by stoking fears about love jihad to further marginalize Muslims, mobilize Hindu voters, and renew people's commitments to traditional religious values. I situate these activities within a broader range of Hindutva campaigns in contemporary India and discuss the ways in which earlier Hindu majoritarian campaigns to 'save' women prefigure the current uproar about love jihad.}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sarkar|first=Tanika|date=1 July 2018|title=Is Love without Borders Possible?|url=https://doi.org/10.1057/s41305-018-0120-0|journal=[[Feminist Review]]|language=en|volume=119|issue=1|pages=7–19|doi=10.1057/s41305-018-0120-0|s2cid=149827310|issn=0141-7789|via=[[SAGE Journals]]|access-date=14 November 2020|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624145034/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1057/s41305-018-0120-0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|last=Waikar|first=Prashant|year=2018|title=Reading Islamophobia in Hindutva: An Analysis of Narendra Modi's Political Discourse|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0161|journal=Islamophobia Studies Journal|volume=4|issue=2|pages=161–180|doi=10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0161|jstor=10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0161|issn=2325-8381|via=[[JSTOR]]|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=26 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326154334/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0161|url-status=live}}</ref>}} यह [[षड्यन्त्र का सिद्धान्त|षड्यन्त्र सिद्धान्त]] का कहना है कि मुस्लिम पुरुषों गैर-मुस्लिम समुदायों से जुड़ी महिलाओं को इस्लाम में धर्म परिवर्तन के लिए लक्षित करते हैं। यह 2009 में भारत में राष्ट्रीय स्तर पर पहली बार केरल और उसके बाद कर्नाटक में राष्ट्रीय ध्यानाकर्षण की ओर बढ़ी। नवंबर 2009 में, [[पुलिस महानिदेशक]] जैकब पुन्नोज ने कहा कि कोई ऐसा संगठन है जिसके सदस्य केरल में लड़कियों को मुस्लिम बनाने के इरादे से प्यार करते थे। दिसंबर 2009 में, न्यायमूर्ति के.टी. शंकरन ने पुन्नोज की रिपोर्ट को स्वीकार कर दिया और निष्कर्ष निकाला कि जबरदस्ती धर्मांतरण के संकेत हैं। अदालत ने "लव जिहाद" मामलों में दो अभियुक्तों की जमानत याचिका पर सुनवाई करते हुए कहा कि पिछले चार वर्षों में इस तरह के 3,000-4,000 सामने आये थे।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aajtak.in/amp/india/story/simple-word-definition-of-love-jihad-459095-2017-08-18.html|title=आखिर क्या होता है ये 'लव जिहाद', जानिए आसान भाषा में|}}</ref>

लव-जिहाद का मुद्दा भी सबसे पहले दिग्गज वामपंथी नेता [[वीएस अच्युतानंदन]] ने 2010 में पहले उठाया था।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/editorial/apnibaat-love-jihad-is-big-problem-conversion-of-girls-of-other-religions-through-marriage-is-the-main-objective-21130630.html|title=विकराल होता लव जिहाद का जाल, दूसरे धर्म की लड़कियों का विवाह के जरिये धर्मांतरण ही है मुख्य मकसद}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/editorial/apnibaat-consequences-of-denying-love-jihad-women-in-trouble-trapped-in-risky-relationships-21173713.html|title=लव जिहाद को नकारने के दुष्परिणाम ने युवतियां का जोखिम भरे संबंधों में फंसकर जीवन डाल दिया संकट में}}</ref> फिर केरल के ही कांग्रेसी मुख्यमंत्री [[ओमान चांडी]] ने 25 जून, 2012 को विधानसभा में बताया कि गत छह वर्षों में वहां 2,667 लड़कियों को इस्लाम में धर्मांतरित कराया गया।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=eff63980-f03b-11eb-ae60-7f71f4a6da99__eff63980-f03b-11eb-ae60-7f71f4a6da99&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMC0xMS0yNS9pbmRpYS1zLW1vc3QtcG9wdWxvdXMtc3RhdGUtYnJpbmdzLWxhdy10by1maWdodC1sb3ZlLWppaGFk|title=Bloomberg - Are you a robot?|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2021-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thewire.in/communalism/haryana-draft-anti-love-jihad-law|title=After MP, Haryana Says a Committee Will Draft Anti-'Love Jihad' Law|date=18 November 2020|work=The Wire (India)|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> उत्तर प्रदेश में प्रस्तावित कानून, जिसमें "गैरकानूनी धर्म परिवर्तन" के खिलाफ प्रावधान भी शामिल हैं, एक विवाह को शून्य और शून्य घोषित करता है यदि एकमात्र इरादा "एक लड़की के धर्म को बदलने" का था और यह और मसौदा विधेयक मध्य प्रदेश में सजा का प्रस्ताव रखता है कानून तोड़ने वालों को 10 साल की जेल।<ref>{{Cite news |title='Love jihad': Madhya Pradesh proposes 10-year jail term in draft bill |url=https://scroll.in/latest/979497/love-jihad-madhya-pradesh-proposes-10-year-jail-term-in-draft-bill |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[Scroll.in]] |date=26 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 November 2020 |title=UP clears 'love jihad' law: 10-year jail, cancelling marriage if for conversion |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/up-clears-love-jihad-law-10-year-jail-cancelling-marriage-if-for-conversion-7064474/ |first1=Maulshree |last1=Seth |access-date=27 November 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
उत्तर प्रदेश में कानून को गैरकानूनी धार्मिक रूपांतरण अध्यादेश के निषेध के रूप में 28 नवंबर को मंजूरी दी गई थी। मध्य प्रदेश में कानून को दिसंबर 2020 में मंजूरी दी गई थी।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Siddique |first1=Iram |title=MP ‘love jihad’ Bill tougher, but limits who can file FIR |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/mp-love-jihad-bill-tougher-but-limits-who-can-file-fir-7121497/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=13 February 2021 |language=en |date=27 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=MP approves 'love Jihad' law; up to 10 years of jail, Rs 1 lakh fine for forced conversion |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/mp-approves-love-jihad-law-up-to-10-years-of-jail-rs-1-lakh-fine-for-forced-conversion/story/426144.html |publisher=[[Press Trust of India]] |access-date=13 February 2021 |date=27 December 2020 |via=''[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]''}}</ref>

== लव जिहाद के खिलाफ कानून ==
25 नवंबर 2020 तक, चार भाजपा शासित राज्य: उत्तर प्रदेश, मध्य प्रदेश, हरियाणा और कर्नाटक, विवाह के माध्यम से "जबरन धर्मांतरण" को रोकने के लिए बनाए गए कानूनों को आमतौर पर "लव जिहाद" कानूनों के रूप में संदर्भित करते थे।

== सन्दर्भ ==
{{टिप्पणीसूची|2}}

== बाहरी कड़ियाँ ==

[[श्रेणी:इस्लाम]]
{{आधार}}

लव जिहाद - अवतरण इतिहास

imported>Ulubatli Hasan: Ulubatli Hasan के अवतरण 5275705पर वापस ले जाया गया : Vandalism (ट्विंकल)